Bürgergemeinde

A Bürgergemeinde, often translated as "citizens' community" or "municipal corporation," is a legal entity found primarily in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. It is distinct from the political municipality (politische Gemeinde) and represents the community of citizens of a particular place. Historically, Bürgergemeinden evolved from medieval communities of burghers who held certain rights and responsibilities within a town or city.

Today, the primary function of a Bürgergemeinde is often the management of communal assets, such as forests, land, or other properties. These assets are held in trust for the benefit of its members, who are typically individuals possessing citizenship of that specific municipality, often through descent. Unlike the political municipality, which focuses on public administration, services, and governance, the Bürgergemeinde's activities are more focused on the preservation and utilization of its patrimony.

Membership in a Bürgergemeinde is usually hereditary and is distinct from being a resident of the political municipality. An individual can be a resident of a political municipality without being a member of its Bürgergemeinde, and vice versa. The governance structure of a Bürgergemeinde typically involves a council or board elected by its members. Its legal status allows it to own property, enter into contracts, and engage in legal proceedings. The specific rights, obligations, and scope of activities of a Bürgergemeinde can vary significantly depending on cantonal law and its own statutes.