Buttstocks

Buttstocks are the rear parts of rifles or shotguns that rest against the shooter's shoulder. They provide a stable point of contact, help align the firearm with the shooter's eye and sights, and aid in distributing recoil over a larger surface area, improving control during firing.

Most buttstocks are classified by their flexibility and mounting method. Fixed stocks are rigid and do not move; telescoping or adjustable stocks allow the length of pull to be changed; folding stocks hinge for compactness; skeleton stocks reduce weight while preserving attachment points.

Materials include wood (traditional hardwoods such as walnut), polymers or composites, and metal components. Wood stocks offer classic appearance and natural feel; polymer stocks are resistant to weather and wear; metal construction is typical in some military and sporting firearms for strength.

Design considerations include length of pull, comb height, and cheek weld; many stocks incorporate recoil pads or rubber buttplates to reduce felt impact. Stocks can be integral to the receiver or detachable, depending on the firearm design.

Historical development and regulation: Stocks have evolved from simple elongated handles to purpose-designed components improving ergonomics and recoil control. Depending on the jurisdiction, stocks—particularly folding or adjustable varieties—may be subject to legal restrictions, licensing, or import controls. Users should consult applicable laws and compliance requirements when acquiring, possessing, or modifying stocks.