Bráðaofnæis

Bráðaofnæis, often referred to as anaphylaxis, is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur rapidly after exposure to an allergen. It is a systemic response affecting multiple organ systems. Common triggers include certain foods like peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, and milk, as well as insect stings, medications, and latex.

The symptoms of bráðaofnæis can appear within minutes to an hour of exposure and may include hives, itching, swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat, difficulty breathing, wheezing, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and a sudden drop in blood pressure, leading to shock. The rapid onset and potentially severe consequences necessitate immediate medical attention.

Diagnosis is typically made based on a history of exposure to a known allergen and the characteristic symptoms. Treatment involves administering epinephrine, which counteracts the allergic reaction by constricting blood vessels, relaxing airway muscles, and increasing heart rate. Emergency medical services should be called immediately. After initial treatment, individuals who have experienced bráðaofnæis may need to carry an epinephrine auto-injector and take steps to avoid known allergens. Further medical evaluation can help identify specific triggers and develop a management plan.