Brotação

Brotação is the process by which a plant develops new shoots from dormant buds, resulting in vegetative growth that typically emerges in the spring or after a period of rest. It concerns the awakening of buds and the subsequent formation of new stems, leaves and, in some species, inflorescences. In woody perennials, brotação marks the transition from a dormant or resting state to active growth.

The brotação process begins with dormancy release and bud break, followed by rapid elongation of internodes and leaf development. Depending on the species and growing conditions, shoots may remain predominantly vegetative or, in some cases, initiate reproductive structures. The timing and vigor of brotação are influenced by environmental cues and internal hormones, notably temperature, light (photoperiod), water availability, and nutrient status. Many temperate species require a period of chilling to overcome dormancy before bud break can proceed.

In agriculture and horticulture, controlling brotação is important for managing canopy balance, fruiting, and yields. Pruning, training systems, irrigation, and fertilization affect bud vigor and the timing of shoot emergence. Early or excessive brotação can increase frost risk or shading of inner canopy, while delayed growth may limit fruit development. Understanding species-specific patterns of brotação helps farmers optimize harvests and maintain plant health.

Examples of crops where brotação is a key consideration include grapevines, apples, peaches, and various ornamental shrubs. The concept is widely applicable to many perennial woody plants and is central to seasonal growth management.