Brexit

Brexit refers to the United Kingdom's process of leaving the European Union, a political and economic union of 28 member states. The term combines "Britain" and "exit." The decision to leave was primarily driven by concerns over sovereignty, immigration, and economic policies. A referendum held on June 23, 2016, resulted in approximately 52% of voters favoring Brexit, leading the UK government to initiate formal withdrawal procedures.

The UK’s departure from the EU officially occurred on January 31, 2020, followed by a transition period that ended on December 31, 2020. During this transition, the UK remained subject to EU rules while negotiations on future relations took place. These negotiations covered trade, security, fisheries, and legal cooperation.

Brexit had wide-ranging implications, affecting trade, travel, and regulatory frameworks. It introduced new customs checks and border controls, particularly impacting Northern Ireland due to the Good Friday Agreement. Economically, it created uncertainties for businesses and markets, with both supporters and opponents debating its long-term effects.

The process exposed divisions within UK society and prompted discussions on national identity, independence, and regional autonomy. It also influenced political landscapes in the UK and Europe, sparking debates about sovereignty, globalization, and integration.

Brexit remains a significant political milestone, demonstrating the complex relationship between national sovereignty and supranational governance. Its outcomes continue to influence policymaking and international relations in the post-Brexit era.