Bradypné

Bradypnea is a medical term used to describe an abnormally slow breathing rate. Typically, an adult at rest has a breathing rate between 12 and 20 breaths per minute. Bradypnea is characterized by a respiratory rate below 12 breaths per minute in adults. Infants and children have higher normal breathing rates, so bradypnea in these age groups is defined by lower values relative to their expected range.

Several factors can cause bradypnea. It can be a symptom of certain medical conditions, such as respiratory depression caused by opioid overdose, head injuries affecting the brainstem, metabolic disorders like hypothyroidism, or severe hypothermia. Certain medications, particularly sedatives and anesthetics, can also slow breathing. In some cases, bradypnea can occur during deep sleep or relaxation, but persistent or symptomatic bradypnea warrants medical attention.

Symptoms associated with bradypnea can include dizziness, shortness of breath, fatigue, confusion, and even loss of consciousness if the brain is not receiving enough oxygen. Diagnosis involves measuring the respiratory rate and assessing the underlying cause through a physical examination, medical history, and potentially further diagnostic tests like blood work or imaging. Treatment focuses on addressing the root cause of the slow breathing.