Bochum

Bochum is a city in the western German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, located in the Ruhr region on the River Ruhr. It has about 370,000 inhabitants and forms part of the densely populated Ruhr area. Historically a coal and steel center, Bochum has undergone structural change toward services, education, and technology.

Bochum's earliest documentations date to the Middle Ages, but its growth accelerated in the 19th century with coal mining and industrialization. The city expanded rapidly and developed a university presence and cultural institutions in the 20th century. After large-scale mining declined, Bochum redirected its economy and investment into research, culture, and higher education.

The city hosts Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), founded in 1962, one of Germany's largest and most research-intensive universities. The Deutsches Bergbau-Museum (German Mining Museum) is one of the world's leading mining museums and a major tourist draw. Bochum is also known for the Starlight Express musical theater, which has operated in the city since 1988, among other theatres such as the Schauspielhaus.

Culturally, the Bermuda3Eck district in downtown Bochum is a well-known nightlife area with bars and clubs. Landmarks include the Jahrhunderthalle, a former power plant used for concerts and exhibitions, and the German Mining Museum. VfL Bochum, the city's football club, plays in national competitions.

Bochum is a transport hub in the Ruhr, with Bochum Hauptbahnhof as a major railway node and connections to the A40 and A43 motorways. The city participates in the Ruhr area's urban planning and regional development initiatives.