Blockkopolümeere

Blockkopolümeere, also known as block copolymers, are a class of polymers composed of two or more homopolymer subunits that are covalently bonded to each other. These subunits, or blocks, are distinct in their chemical structure and properties. For example, a block copolymer might consist of a block of polyethylene and a block of polypropylene. The arrangement of these blocks is typically linear, with alternating blocks of different monomers.

The unique properties of block copolymers arise from the incompatibility of their constituent blocks. When in a melt or solution, these immiscible blocks tend to separate, leading to microphase separation. This self-assembly process results in the formation of well-defined nanostructures, such as spheres, cylinders, or lamellae, depending on the relative lengths of the blocks and their volume fractions.

This ability to self-assemble into ordered nanostructures makes block copolymers highly versatile materials with a wide range of applications. They can be used as thermoplastic elastomers, combining the elasticity of rubber with the processability of plastics. Other applications include compatibilizers for polymer blends, dispersants, templates for nanomaterial synthesis, and components in drug delivery systems. The specific properties and structures achievable can be precisely controlled by tailoring the chemical nature and lengths of the individual polymer blocks.