Blepharoconjunctivitis

Blepharoconjunctivitis is a medical condition involving inflammation of the eyelid margins (blepharitis) and the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis). It can occur as a single entity or as a combined eyelid and eye surface inflammation. The term is often used to describe chronic redness, itching, tearing, and discharge that affect both the eyelids and the conjunctiva.

The disease is usually triggered by bacterial infection, seborrhoeic dermatitis, allergies, Demodex mites, or immunologic disorders such as rosacea and atopic dermatitis. In some cases, a viral or fungal pathogen may be involved. Poor eyelid hygiene, contact lens wear, and ocular surface disease can increase susceptibility.

Signs include a red eye, gritty sensation, thick crusts or dandruff around the eyelashes, swollen eyelid margins, and ocular itching. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination; microbiological cultures and slit‑lamp photography may be used to identify the underlying cause. In chronic forms, laboratory tests for autoimmune disease might be requested.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Warm compresses, lid scrubs, and topical antibiotics or antifungals are common for bacterial or fungal blepharoconjunctivitis. For allergic disease, antihistamine drops are indicated, while steroid or cyclosporine agents treat immune‑mediated inflammation. In cases related to Demodex infestation, permethrin or metronidazole may be prescribed. Good eyelid hygiene and avoiding contact lenses reduce recurrence.

Although often treated successfully, blepharoconjunctivitis can be chronic and recurrent. Early recognition and appropriate therapy help prevent complications such as corneal involvement, corneal ulceration, or vision loss.