Biologii

Biologii, a term used in several languages for the science of life, refers to biology. It is the natural science that studies living organisms and their interactions with each other and their environments. Topics range from the molecular basis of life to the structure and function of entire ecosystems, encompassing growth, development, reproduction, and behavior.

Major subfields include molecular biology, cell biology, physiology, genetics, evolution, ecology, botany, zoology, microbiology, biochemistry, developmental biology, neuroscience, and conservation biology. Research methods combine observation, experimentation, and quantitative analysis, aided by tools such as microscopes, imaging technologies, sequencing, computational modeling, and gene-editing techniques.

Biology has a long history, from early natural philosophy to the cell theory of Schleiden and Schwann, Darwin's theory of evolution, and the discovery of DNA. The modern era features genomics, proteomics, systems biology, and synthetic biology, integrating data across scales to understand life’s complexity.

Applications include medicine, agriculture, environmental management, biotechnology, and conservation. Biology informs our understanding of health, disease, biodiversity, and ecosystems, while raising ethical and societal questions about the use of living systems.