Billentybetegség

Billentybetegség, often translated as valvular heart disease, refers to a range of conditions affecting the heart's valves. The heart has four valves: the aortic, mitral, pulmonary, and tricuspid valves. Their primary function is to ensure blood flows in the correct direction through the heart, opening to allow blood to pass and closing to prevent backflow. When these valves do not function properly, it can lead to serious health problems.

There are two main types of billentybetegség: stenosis and regurgitation. Stenosis occurs when a valve narrows or stiffens, making it difficult for blood to pass through. This forces the heart to work harder to pump blood. Regurgitation, also known as insufficiency or leakage, happens when a valve does not close properly, allowing blood to flow backward into the chamber it came from. Both conditions can reduce the heart's efficiency and potentially lead to heart failure.

Causes of billentybetegség are varied and can include congenital defects present at birth, damage from infections like rheumatic fever, aging, high blood pressure, and other heart conditions. Symptoms can range from none to severe and may include shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, dizziness, and swelling in the legs or abdomen. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, listening to the heart with a stethoscope, and diagnostic tests such as echocardiography, electrocardiogram (ECG), and chest X-rays. Treatment depends on the specific valve affected, the severity of the disease, and the patient's overall health, and can range from medication to surgical repair or replacement of the damaged valve.