Bicoidin

Bicoidin is a naturally occurring peptide identified in the venom of the Australian funnel-web spider, Atrax robustus. Its primary function within the venom is thought to contribute to its overall toxicity. Bicoidin belongs to the family of spider toxins known as cytolysins or pore-forming peptides. These peptides are characterized by their ability to interact with cell membranes, forming channels or pores.

The proposed mechanism of action for bicoidin involves its insertion into the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. Once embedded, multiple bicoidin molecules can aggregate to form a pore. This pore disrupts the integrity of the cell membrane, leading to the leakage of intracellular contents and ultimately cell death. This cytolytic activity is a common feature of many spider venoms and plays a role in immobilizing or killing prey.

While the precise toxicological significance of bicoidin within the context of a funnel-web spider bite is still under investigation, its identification adds to the growing understanding of the complex molecular arsenal employed by these arachnids. Research into spider venom components like bicoidin is ongoing, with potential implications for drug discovery and the development of novel therapeutic agents, although bicoidin itself is not currently used therapeutically.