Bhinneka

Bhinneka Tunggal Ika is the national motto of Indonesia, often translated as Unity in Diversity. It expresses the idea that the country’s strength lies in its vast diversity of ethnic groups, languages, religions, and cultures, united as one nation.

Origin and meaning: The phrase derives from Javanese literature, notably the Kakawin Sutasoma, a 14th‑century poem attributed to Mpu Tantular. Linguistically, Bhinneka means diverse, Tunggal means single or unified, and Ika means that. Together they convey the concept of unity amid diversity, emphasizing tolerance and coexistence.

Adoption and usage: Bhinneka Tunggal Ika has been associated with Indonesia’s national identity since the struggle for independence in the mid‑20th century. It is officially inscribed on Garuda Pancasila, the national emblem, and is widely invoked in government, education, and public discourse to reinforce national unity across a multiethnic, multireligious society.

Significance: The motto reflects the state ideology of Pancasila, particularly the commitment to unity while acknowledging diversity. It remains a central symbol in Indonesia’s civic education, political life, and social integration efforts, serving as a guiding principle for how Indonesians perceive national belonging across cultural and religious differences.