Betamu

Betamu is a small, cylindrical oligochaete annelid that was first described in 2015 by the joint research team of the University of São Paulo and the National Institute of Marine and Hydrographic Research. The species is named for its distinctive beta- and mu-shaped segmentation patterns, which are visible under scanning electron microscopy. Betamu is primarily found in the oxygen-poor sediments of the Cariaco Basin, a reduced marine environment located off the coast of Venezuela. Its distribution is limited to depths between 200 and 400 meters, where it occupies a niche within the benthic microbial mats that thrive in the zone of sulfide oxidation.

Ecologically, betamu plays a crucial role as a detritivore and as a host for symbiotic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. The worms harbor a dense microbial community in their gut, which oxidizes hydrogen sulfide into sulfate while generating energy for both partners. This symbiosis is thought to contribute to biogeochemical cycling of sulfur and carbon within the basin, and the worms may serve as a food source for the scale worm Dracophyllus scalare, the only known predator in the region. Research has identified betamu as a key indicator species for assessing the health of subsurface ecosystems, and its tolerance to high sulfide concentrations makes it an attractive model for studying adaptation to extreme environments. Current studies are exploring the potential biotechnological applications of its sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, particularly in bio-remediation of sulfide-rich waste streams.