Berkjúbólgu

Berkjúbólgu is an Icelandic term that translates to "bronchiolitis" in English. Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory infection that primarily affects infants and young children, typically under the age of two. It is characterized by inflammation of the bronchioles, which are the small airways in the lungs.

The most common cause of bronchiolitis is the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), although other viruses can also be responsible. Symptoms usually begin with a runny nose, cough, and sometimes a low-grade fever. As the infection progresses, the airways can become narrowed and obstructed by mucus, leading to difficulty breathing, wheezing, and rapid breathing. In severe cases, infants may require hospitalization for supportive care, such as oxygen therapy and hydration.

Diagnosis is typically made based on the child's medical history and physical examination, including listening to their lungs. There is no specific cure for bronchiolitis, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. This includes ensuring adequate fluid intake, using saline drops and suction to clear nasal congestion, and monitoring for signs of respiratory distress. Antibiotics are not effective as bronchiolitis is caused by a virus. Most children recover fully within one to two weeks, but some may experience a lingering cough for longer. Prevention strategies include good hand hygiene, avoiding contact with sick individuals, and discouraging smoking around children.