BeerLambertregel
BeerLambertregel, more commonly known as the Beer-Lambert law or Beer-Lambert-Bouguer law, describes how the intensity of light is attenuated as it passes through a chemical sample. In its standard form, absorbance A equals the product of molar absorptivity ε, path length l, and concentration c: A = ε·l·c. Absorbance is related to the transmitted light I through I0, the incident light, by A = log10(I0/I). Equivalently, the transmitted fraction is I/I0 = 10^(−εlc). In some contexts a natural-log form is used with a corresponding coefficient change.
Key variables include ε (the molar absorptivity, typically in L·mol−1·cm−1), l (the optical path length in cm),
Limitations arise at higher concentrations, where deviations occur due to solute–solute interactions, changes in refractive index,
Applications are widespread in quantitative chemistry and bioscience, including spectrophotometric determination of concentrations, enzyme kinetics, and