Bazaltláva

Bazaltláva refers to lava with a basaltic composition, meaning it is rich in magnesium and iron. This type of lava is typically found at mid-ocean ridges and hot spots, and it is the most common type of lava on Earth. Bazaltláva has a relatively low viscosity, allowing it to flow easily and cover large areas. When it cools, it forms basalt rock, a dark-colored, fine-grained igneous rock. This process is a key component of volcanic activity and plate tectonics.

The formation of bazaltláva is linked to the melting of the Earth's mantle. Decompression melting occurs as mantle material rises, reducing pressure and allowing it to melt and form magma. This magma, being less dense than the surrounding solid rock, ascends to the surface. Upon eruption, it is known as bazaltláva. Its low silica content contributes to its fluid nature.

Common landforms created by bazaltláva include shield volcanoes, vast lava plateaus (flood basalts), and oceanic crust. The Hawaiian Islands, for example, are largely built from successive eruptions of bazaltláva. The extensive lava flows can create smooth, ropy surfaces known as pahoehoe, or rough, blocky surfaces called a'a, depending on cooling rates and gas content. The composition of bazaltláva also influences the types of minerals that crystallize as it solidifies.