Barbiturany

Barbiturany is a less common and generally outdated term that refers to barbituric acid and its derivatives. Barbituric acid itself is a heterocyclic organic compound that does not possess any sedative or hypnotic properties. However, when various functional groups are substituted onto the barbituric acid ring, the resulting compounds, known as barbiturates, can exhibit significant central nervous system depressant effects. These sedative-hypnotic properties led to the widespread medical use of barbiturates as sleeping pills, tranquilizers, and anticonvulsants for much of the 20th century.

The mechanism of action for barbiturates involves enhancing the effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABA-A receptor. This leads to a reduction in neuronal excitability. Due to their potential for addiction, overdose, and drug interactions, the use of barbiturates has significantly declined with the advent of safer alternatives like benzodiazepines. While still used in certain specific medical contexts, such as anesthesia or the treatment of particular seizure disorders, their prescription for common insomnia or anxiety is now rare. The term "barbiturany" might be encountered in older medical literature or historical discussions of psychoactive drugs.