Baktériák

Baktériák are microscopic, single-celled organisms that are found virtually everywhere on Earth. They are prokaryotes, meaning their cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria come in a wide variety of shapes, including spheres (cocci), rods (bacilli), and spirals (spirilla). They reproduce asexually, primarily through binary fission, where one cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

While often associated with disease, the vast majority of bacteria are harmless or even beneficial. Many play crucial roles in ecosystems, such as decomposing organic matter, cycling nutrients like nitrogen and carbon, and forming symbiotic relationships with other organisms. For example, bacteria in the human gut aid digestion and produce vitamins. Some bacteria are used in industrial processes like food production (e.g., yogurt, cheese) and biotechnology.

However, certain bacteria are pathogenic and can cause infections and diseases in humans, animals, and plants. These diseases range in severity and can affect various parts of the body. Understanding bacterial biology is essential for developing effective treatments like antibiotics and for preventing the spread of infections. The study of bacteria is called bacteriology.