Azelainhape

Azelainhape, also known as azelaic acid, is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid found in small amounts in certain foods, such as whole grains, nuts, and red wine. It is primarily derived from the fermentation of yeast and fungi, particularly *Malassezia*, a common skin fungus. Azelaic acid has gained prominence in dermatology for its efficacy in treating various skin conditions.

The compound is available in topical formulations, typically as a 10% to 20% cream or gel, and is used to address acne vulgaris, rosacea, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Its mechanism of action involves several pathways, including the inhibition of 5-alpha-reductase, which reduces the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone—a hormone linked to acne. Additionally, azelaic acid has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, helping to reduce redness and swelling associated with skin conditions. It also exerts keratolytic effects, promoting the shedding of dead skin cells and unclogging pores.

Clinical studies have demonstrated its effectiveness in improving acne lesions, particularly inflammatory ones, and in reducing erythema and papules in rosacea. Unlike some other acne treatments, azelaic acid is generally well-tolerated, with mild side effects such as dryness, irritation, or stinging at the application site. It is also safe for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding, making it a preferred option for certain patient populations.

Beyond dermatology, azelaic acid is being explored for its potential antioxidant and anti-aging properties, though further research is needed to confirm these benefits. It is available over the counter in some regions and by prescription in others, depending on concentration and intended use.