Autorizációs

Autorizációs, often translated as authorization, is a security process that determines whether a user or system has the necessary permissions to perform a specific action or access a particular resource. It is a crucial component of information security, working in conjunction with authentication, which verifies the identity of the user or system. While authentication confirms "who you are," authorization confirms "what you are allowed to do."

The authorization process typically involves checking access control lists (ACLs), role-based access control (RBAC) policies, or other defined security rules. When a request is made to access a resource or perform an action, the system consults these rules to determine if the requesting entity is permitted. For example, a user might be authenticated as a member of the "admin" group. Authorization would then check if the "admin" group has permissions to delete files. If so, the action is allowed; otherwise, it is denied.

Authorization mechanisms are implemented in various systems, including operating systems, web applications, databases, and network devices. Effective authorization ensures that sensitive data and critical functions are only accessible to authorized individuals or processes, thereby preventing unauthorized access, modification, or deletion of information. The granularity of authorization can vary, from broad permissions assigned to user roles to highly specific permissions for individual actions on specific resources.