Aussaat

Aussaat, literally "sowing," is the process of placing seeds into soil or another growing medium with the goal of germination and plant development. In horticulture and agriculture, it describes both direct sowing in the field or garden and the preparation of seedlings in a nursery for later transplanting. The practice depends on seed size, vigor, and species, as well as climate, soil temperature, and moisture.

Seedbed preparation is essential: a firm, weed-free, and evenly moist soil improves germination. Depending on the crop, the soil is prepared to a fine tilth; weeds are removed; irrigation is arranged. Sowing methods vary: direct sowing involves scattering seeds or establishing rows with specified spacing; transplants start in trays or pots and are moved after germination.

Seed depth is typically shallow for tiny seeds (often on or just beneath the surface) and deeper for larger seeds; common guidance is to sow at a depth of 0.5 to 2 cm, or approximately one to two times seed diameter. Timing is critical: sowing should occur during periods with favorable temperatures and moisture; some species require stratification or cold treatment to break dormancy, others benefit from light exposure.

After sowing, seeds should be kept evenly moist but not waterlogged, and germinating seedlings should be protected from pests and drying winds. Thinning or transplanting ensures adequate spacing for growth. Aussaat also includes modern techniques such as seed tapes, pelleted seeds, and priming treatments to improve germination. Proper labeling and record-keeping help manage crop schedules and improve future results.