Aufzug

Aufzug is the German term for a lift or elevator, a mechanical device that moves people or goods between floors in multi-storey buildings. The word derives from aufziehen, meaning to pull up. In German usage, Aufzug can refer to passenger lifts (Personenaufzug), freight lifts (Lastenaufzug), and other forms such as service or platform lifts.

There are two main drive technologies. Hydraulic elevators use a piston inside a cylinder and are common in low-rise buildings. Traction elevators use hoisting ropes wrapped around a drive sheave powered by an electric motor; they typically employ a counterweight and are common for higher-rise installations. Modern systems may be machine-room-less (MRL) and use energy-efficient motors. Elevators are designed to transport passengers, goods, or both, and can be specialized for accessibility or heavy-duty use.

Typical components include a car (cabin), hoistway (shaft), guides, hoisting ropes, a counterweight, a drive system, and a door with an interlock. Safety mechanisms are integral and may include an automatic door lock, an overspeed governor, a safety gear, and a spring or hydraulic buffer at the bottom of the shaft. Control equipment governs movement, stopping accuracy, and accessibility features such as audible signals, visual indicators, and tactile or braille signage.

Safety and standards: Elevators are subject to national and international standards and regular inspections. In Europe, standards such as EN 81 address design, installation, and safety, while many jurisdictions require routine maintenance and compliance with accessibility regulations.

History: Early elevators existed in ancient times, but the modern passenger elevator developed in the 19th century, with notable advances by inventors such as Elisha Otis, whose safety mechanism contributed to widespread adoption. Since then, hydraulic and electric traction elevators have become essential components of contemporary urban infrastructure.