Attenuované

Attenuované is a Czech adjective derived from the verb attenuovat, meaning weakened or reduced in strength, intensity, or virulence. The form attenuované is the neuter singular past participle or used in neutral contexts; related forms include attenuovaný (masculine) and attenuovaná (feminine). Etymologically, the term comes from Latin attenuatus (past participle of attenuare) and has been adopted into technical vocabulary in Czech.

In science and medicine, attenuated commonly refers to pathogens or preparations that have been weakened so that they lose virulence while preserving their immunogenic properties. Attenuated pathogens are used in live attenuated vaccines, for example for measles, mumps, and rubella, or varicella. Such vaccines can provoke a strong immune response but may not be suitable for people with compromised immune systems or certain medical conditions. The label attenuovaný is frequently found in scientific and medical texts describing these organisms or vaccines.

In engineering and physics, attenuation (atenuace) denotes the gradual reduction of a signal, wave, or field strength as it propagates through a medium or over distance. An attenuovaný signál is a signal whose amplitude has decreased, often described by an attenuation coefficient or a frequency-dependent loss. Attenuation concepts also appear in acoustics, optics, and radiography, where the absorbed or scattered portion of a wave reduces the transmitted intensity.

See also: attenuator, attenuation, oslabení.