Attapulgite

Attapulgite is a hydrous magnesium aluminum silicate clay mineral. It is a member of the palygorskite group of minerals. It typically occurs as fibrous, needle-like crystals. Attapulgite is known for its unique colloidal properties, including its ability to form thixotropic gels. This means it can become fluid when agitated and then solidify when left undisturbed. It is also highly absorbent and can adsorb liquids and gases.

This clay mineral is found in sedimentary rocks, often in association with other clays like sepiolite. Major deposits are located in the southeastern United States, particularly in Florida and Georgia, as well as in other parts of the world. Its physical properties make it a versatile industrial material.

Attapulgite has numerous applications. It is used as an absorbent in pet litters, a thickener and suspending agent in paints, coatings, and cosmetics, and as a carrier for pesticides and fertilizers. Its high surface area and adsorptive capacity also make it useful in filtering and purification processes, such as oil refining and water treatment. In drilling fluids, it helps to control viscosity and prevent fluid loss. Its natural occurrence and unique characteristics contribute to its widespread industrial use.