AtrioVentricularklappen

Atrioventricular (AV) blocks are a type of heart rhythm disorder that affects the electrical signals between the atria and ventricles of the heart. The atria are the upper chambers, and the ventricles are the lower chambers. Normally, the heart's electrical signals travel from the sinoatrial (SA) node, through the atria, and then to the atrioventricular (AV) node, which delays the signal before it reaches the ventricles. This delay allows the atria to contract and fill with blood before the ventricles contract and pump blood out.

In an AV block, the delay in the AV node is prolonged, causing the atria to contract independently of the ventricles. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath, and even fainting. The severity of the symptoms depends on the degree of the AV block.

There are three main types of AV blocks: first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree. First-degree AV blocks are the mildest, with a slight delay in the conduction of the electrical signal. Second-degree AV blocks are more severe, with some beats being blocked and not reaching the ventricles. Third-degree AV blocks are the most severe, with a complete block of the electrical signal between the atria and ventricles, leading to independent contractions of the atria and ventricles.

AV blocks can be caused by a variety of factors, including heart disease, medications, and electrolyte imbalances. They can also occur as a result of certain heart procedures, such as catheter ablation. Treatment options for AV blocks depend on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. In some cases, no treatment may be necessary, especially if the AV block is mild and not causing symptoms. In other cases, medications, pacemakers, or other interventions may be recommended to restore normal heart rhythm.