Astrositler

Astrositler are a type of glial cell found in the central nervous system. They are the most abundant type of astrocyte in the brain and play a crucial role in maintaining the delicate environment that neurons need to function. Astrositler are star-shaped cells, with processes that extend outwards and make contact with neurons and blood vessels. Their name comes from the Greek word "astron," meaning star.

These cells are involved in a variety of essential functions. They provide structural support to neurons and help to form the blood-brain barrier, which protects the brain from harmful substances in the bloodstream. Astrositler also regulate the chemical environment around neurons by taking up and releasing neurotransmitters, thereby influencing neuronal communication. They contribute to synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time, which is fundamental for learning and memory.

Furthermore, astrositler participate in nutrient supply to neurons and help to clear metabolic waste products. In cases of injury or disease, astrositler can proliferate and become reactive, a process known as astrogliosis. While this reactivity can be protective in the short term, chronic astrogliosis is often associated with scar formation and can impede neuronal regeneration. Research continues to explore the multifaceted roles of astrositler in both health and disease.