Astrophorids

Astrophorida is an order of marine sponges belonging to the class Demospongiae. These sponges are characterized by their skeletal structure, which is primarily composed of oxeas and strongyles, siliceous spicules that can be highly variable in size and shape. A defining feature of astrophorids is the presence of asters, star-shaped spicules, which give the order its name. These asters can be simple or complex, with varying numbers of rays. Some species also possess other spicule types such as dichotriaenes and triaenes.

Astrophorids are found in diverse marine environments worldwide, from shallow coastal waters to the deep sea. They exhibit a wide range of morphologies, including massive, encrusting, and branching forms. Their habitats vary depending on the species, with some preferring rocky substrates while others are found on soft sediments. They are sessile organisms that filter feed on small organic particles suspended in the water column. Reproduction in astrophorids, as with other sponges, can be sexual or asexual. The larvae are typically free-swimming, allowing for dispersal to new locations. This order contains several well-known families and genera, contributing significantly to the biodiversity of sponge ecosystems.