Astikas

Astikas refers to the schools of Indian philosophy that accept the authority of the Vedas. This term, derived from the Sanskrit word "āstika" meaning "there is" or "he who believes," contrasts with "nastika" (nāstika), which denotes schools that reject Vedic authority. The Vedic scriptures, comprising the Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda, along with their associated Brahmanas, Aranyakas, and Upanishads, are considered foundational texts by Astika traditions.

The six orthodox schools, collectively known as the Shad Darshanas, are considered Astika. These are: Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa, and Vedanta. Each of these philosophical systems offers a distinct perspective on reality, knowledge, and the path to liberation, yet all acknowledge the Vedas as a valid source of knowledge. For example, Mimamsa primarily focuses on the ritualistic aspects of the Vedas, while Vedanta delves into their metaphysical and epistemological teachings, particularly the Upanishads.

The acceptance of Vedic authority does not necessarily imply a monolithic interpretation. Astika schools often engage in critical analysis and debate, developing diverse interpretations of Vedic principles and concepts. Their philosophical inquiries cover a wide range of topics, including cosmology, epistemology, ethics, and metaphysics, all within the overarching framework of Vedic tradition. The distinction between Astika and Nastika schools is a fundamental categorization in the study of Indian philosophy, highlighting the diverse intellectual landscape that emerged in ancient India.