Asthapana

Asthapana, in Ayurvedic medicine, refers to a category of medicated enema (basti) used as part of therapeutic procedures such as Panchakarma. It involves introducing a liquid preparation into the colon through the rectum. The preparation is typically a decoction (kashaya) and may be combined with milk or other medicinal ingredients, selected according to the patient’s constitution and condition. The goal is to deliver therapeutic substances directly to the lower digestive tract and, through absorption, to influence dosha balance.

The procedure is usually performed by a trained practitioner in a clinical or classical Ayurveda setting. The patient is positioned on a suitable side or supine, the rectal canal is gently prepared, and the medicated liquid is administered in a controlled amount. The liquid is retained for a period that may range from about 30 to 60 minutes, after which the patient expels the contents. The exact formulation, dose, and retention time are tailored to the disease being treated and the patient’s overall health.

Indications commonly include disorders attributed to vata dosha, such as constipation, certain neuromuscular or rheumatic conditions, and some chronic ailments. It is also used as part of rejuvenating or cleansing regimens and may be employed for specific skin or gynecological issues, depending on classical recommendations. Safety and suitability depend on practitioner assessment and are contraindicated in conditions such as acute gastrointestinal pathology, intestinal obstruction, or pregnancy, among others.

Asthapana basti is one of the main Basti modalities in Ayurveda, contrasted with Anuvasana (oil-based) basti, and is described in classical Ayurvedic texts as a therapeutic enema for systemic dosha management.