Asetylkloridi

Asetylkloridi, also known as acetyl chloride, is an acyl halide with the chemical formula CH3COCl. It is a colorless liquid that fumes in moist air and has a pungent odor. It is highly reactive and is often used as a reagent in organic synthesis.

Asetylkloridi is typically prepared by the reaction of acetic acid with chlorinating agents such as phosphorus trichloride (PCl3), phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5), or thionyl chloride (SOCl2). The reaction with thionyl chloride is common because the byproducts, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride, are gases and easily removed.

The reactivity of asetylkloridi stems from the electronegativity of the chlorine atom, which makes the carbonyl carbon highly electrophilic. This allows it to readily undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions. For example, it reacts vigorously with water to produce acetic acid and hydrogen chloride. It also reacts with alcohols to form esters and with amines to form amides.

Due to its corrosive nature and reactivity with water, asetylkloridi must be handled with care in a well-ventilated area, preferably a fume hood, and with appropriate personal protective equipment. It is used in the production of various chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, dyes, and pesticides.