Arthoniomycetes

Arthoniomycetes is a class of ascomycete fungi, a group of fungi that produce spores in sac-like structures called asci. This class is characterized by its members having ascomata (fruit bodies) that are typically apothecia, which are cup-shaped structures with a central ostiole (opening) through which spores are released. Arthoniomycetes are primarily known for their role in plant pathology, as many species are plant pathogens. They are also important in ecology and conservation, as some species are indicators of environmental health and biodiversity.

The class Arthoniomycetes was first described by Swedish mycologist Einar Timdal in 1960. It is named after the genus Arthonia, which was originally described by Swedish botanist Erik Acharius in 1803. Arthonia species are known for their ability to produce secondary metabolites, such as anthraquinones, which are often used in traditional medicine and have potential applications in modern medicine.

Arthoniomycetes are found worldwide, with the highest diversity in tropical and temperate regions. They are typically found on the bark of trees, but some species are also found on other substrates, such as soil and rock. The class is further divided into several orders, including Arthoniomycetales, Graphidales, and Pertusariales, each with its own unique characteristics and ecological roles.