Arterialization

Arterialization refers to the process by which veins are surgically altered to function more like arteries. This procedure is typically performed to increase blood flow to a specific area, often in the context of treating peripheral artery disease or preparing a vein for hemodialysis access. The most common form of arterialization involves creating an arteriovenous fistula, where a surgeon connects an artery directly to a nearby vein. This connection allows arterial blood, which is under higher pressure, to flow into the vein. As a result, the vein dilates, its walls thicken, and it becomes more robust, mimicking the characteristics of an artery. This engineered venous conduit can then be used for a variety of purposes, such as providing a reliable access point for dialysis needles or improving blood supply to ischemic tissues. The goal of arterialization is to leverage the venous system to deliver more oxygenated blood to areas that are not receiving adequate circulation due to arterial blockages or disease. While beneficial in specific medical situations, the procedure carries inherent risks associated with surgery and changes to the vascular system.