Arsonate

Arsonate refers to the anion with the chemical formula AsO4^3-. It is also the name given to salts and esters containing this anion. Arsonates are the reduced form of arsenates, which have the formula AsO4^3-. The arsenic atom in arsonates is in the +3 oxidation state, whereas in arsenates it is in the +5 oxidation state. Arsonates are derived from arsonous acid, H3AsO3, which is a triprotic acid.

Arsonates are generally less stable than arsenates and are more easily oxidized. They can be formed by the reduction of arsenates. For example, sulfur dioxide can reduce arsenates to arsonates. Arsonates can also occur naturally in some environments, particularly in reducing conditions.

The toxicity of arsonates is generally lower than that of arsenates, but they are still considered toxic. Exposure can occur through ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact. Symptoms of arsonate poisoning can include gastrointestinal distress, neurological effects, and skin irritation. The specific toxicity depends on the particular arsonate compound and the route of exposure.

Arsonates have found limited applications. Some organic arsonates have been investigated for use as pesticides or herbicides, although their use is restricted due to toxicity concerns. In analytical chemistry, arsonates can be used as reducing agents. Research continues into potential applications and understanding their environmental behavior.