Armstrukturer

Armstrukturer refers to the anatomical and mechanical structures that make up the upper limb. In biology, the term covers bones, joints, muscles, tendons, nerves and vessels that connect the shoulder to the hand. The upper limb is organized into segments: the shoulder girdle, the arm (brachium), the forearm (antebrachium) and the hand, each with specific bones and joints that enable a wide range of movements.

Skeletal framework includes the clavicle and scapula forming the shoulder girdle; the humerus in the upper arm; the radius and ulna in the forearm; and the carpal, metacarpal and phalangeal bones of the hand. Joints such as the glenohumeral (shoulder), elbow, radiocarpal (wrist) and the finger joints provide mobility. Muscular compartments power movement: the anterior compartment of the arm contains the biceps brachii and brachialis; the posterior arm contains the triceps brachii; the forearm houses flexor and extensor muscle groups.

Nerves from the brachial plexus (including musculocutaneous, radial, median and ulnar nerves) innervate the limb; arteries such as the axillary and brachial arteries supply blood. Functionally, armstrukturer enable grasp, manipulation, precision tasks and dexterous use of the hand.

In technology, arm structures also describe robotic and prosthetic arms, where design concerns include joint configuration, actuation, control systems and sensing for dexterity and strength.