Archibasílica

Archibasílica is a term used in some Catholic contexts to designate a basilica of the highest rank within the Church’s system of sacred titles. It typically refers to a church that possesses major privileges and prominence beyond ordinary basilicas. In official Latin terminology, the highest category is basilica maior (major basilica); archibasílica is often a descriptive or traditional label that emphasizes a church’s primacy, especially when there is a direct connection to the Holy See or to the metropolitan see.

The designation is conferred by the pope, usually through a formal proclamation. Archibasílicas are characterized by certain liturgical privileges, eligibility for specific rites and ceremonies, and a historic role as centers of pilgrimage and ecclesial life. They commonly host significant diocesan and liturgical events and may house important relics or sanctuaries. They remain a subset within basilicae maiores and are distinct from basilicae minores, which are recognized for sanctity and significance but carry lesser privileges.

Examples and usage vary by context. In Rome, the four major basilicas—St. Peter’s, St. John Lateran, Santa Maria Maggiore, and San Paolo fuori le Mura—are frequently described in Spanish- and Portuguese-language sources as archibasílicas due to their preeminent status. In other countries, churches may be labeled archibasílicas in reference to their prominence within national hierarchies.

See also: Basilica, Basilica maior, Basilica minor, Papal prerogatives, List of major basilicas.