Archeometriában

Archeometriában is the Hungarian term for archaeometry, an interdisciplinary field that applies scientific methods and analytical techniques to the study of archaeological materials and sites. It seeks to understand the provenance, composition, technology, and dating of artifacts and environmental samples. By employing tools from physics, chemistry, geology, and other scientific disciplines, archaeometry provides objective data to complement traditional archaeological interpretation.

Key areas within archaeometry include materials analysis, where techniques like X-ray fluorescence, neutron activation analysis, and mass spectrometry are used to determine the elemental and isotopic composition of objects. This helps in identifying the origin of raw materials, understanding ancient trade routes, and characterizing manufacturing processes. Dating methods are also crucial, with radiocarbon dating, thermoluminescence dating, and optically stimulated luminescence dating being widely used to establish chronologies for sites and artifacts.

Furthermore, archaeometry encompasses the study of ancient technologies through the examination of tool marks, residue analysis, and experimental archaeology. Geophysical prospection methods, such as ground-penetrating radar and magnetometry, are employed to detect buried archaeological features without excavation. Environmental archaeometry focuses on reconstructing past climates, landscapes, and human-environment interactions through the analysis of sediments, pollen, and faunal remains. The insights gained from archaeometry contribute significantly to our understanding of past societies, their technologies, and their interactions with the natural world.