Aphanulariidae

Aphanulariidae is a family of extinct insects belonging to the order Palaeodictyoptera. These ancient insects are known from the fossil record, with specimens dating back to the Carboniferous period. They are characterized by their moderately large size, with wingspans typically ranging from 5 to 15 centimeters. The forewings and hindwings were of similar size and shape, and were held horizontally at rest.

Fossil discoveries of Aphanulariidae have been made in various locations worldwide, including North America and Europe, often found in coal deposits. These deposits indicate that Aphanulariidae lived in swampy environments. The exact diet of Aphanulariidae is not definitively known, but it is hypothesized that they were predatory or scavengers, feeding on other invertebrates. Their mouthparts suggest a chewing mechanism.

The study of Aphanulariidae contributes to our understanding of the early evolution of insects and the diversification of terrestrial ecosystems during the Carboniferous. As with many extinct insect groups, detailed information about their life cycle, reproductive strategies, and ecological roles is limited due to the nature of fossil evidence. The classification of Aphanulariidae within Palaeodictyoptera places them among some of the earliest known winged insects.