Anualizada

Anualizada is a term used in Portuguese and other Romance languages to describe a statistic, rate, or figure that has been transformed to reflect a yearly basis. The purpose is to allow comparison across periods by expressing returns, costs, or incidences as if they occurred over a 12-month horizon. In finance and economics it commonly refers to rates of return, interest, or inflation that are adjusted to an annual period, even when data comes from shorter intervals.

Calculation: If a rate r is observed over n periods per year, the annualized compound rate is (1 + r)^n − 1. If the rate is quoted as simple interest, a common approximation is r_annualized = r × n. Example: a quarterly return of 2% yields an annualized return of (1.02)^4 − 1 ≈ 8.24%; a monthly return of 1% yields (1.01)^12 − 1 ≈ 12.68%.

Context and caveats: Annualized figures facilitate comparison but rely on assumptions about the persistence and compounding of observed rates. They may overstate performance for volatile series or illiquid investments, and are not interchangeable with actual realized annual results. In statistics and epidemiology, annualization is used for rates like incidence per year or annualized growth.

Linguistic note: In Portuguese, anualizada is the feminine form of the adjective derived from anualizar, used with feminine nouns such as taxa, rentabilidade, inflação. The English equivalent is annualized.