Antiseptiliste

Antiseptiliste, or antiseptics, are substances that inhibit the growth of or kill microorganisms on living tissues. They are used to reduce the risk of infection in wounds, before surgical procedures, and for general skin disinfection. They are distinct from antibiotics, which target infections inside the body, and from disinfectants, which are intended for inanimate surfaces.

Common antiseptics include alcohols (ethanol and isopropanol), which act rapidly and evaporate quickly; chlorhexidine, which has persistent activity on the skin; povidone-iodine, a broad-spectrum agent; hydrogen peroxide, an oxidizing agent with broad but limited tissue use; phenols, and quaternary ammonium compounds such as benzalkonium chloride. Many clinical applications use alcohol-based hand rubs or chlorhexidine solutions for hand and skin antisepsis.

Mechanisms of action vary: some agents disrupt cell membranes, others denature proteins or oxidize cellular components. Antiseptics are formulated for external use on skin, wounds, or mucous membranes and are not intended for internal use. They are not substitutes for antibiotics or vaccines in treating systemic infections, though they complement clinical care by reducing local microbial load.

Safety and limits: antiseptics can cause irritation or allergic reactions and may delay healing if used inappropriately. Some agents are unsuitable for deep wounds, mucous membranes, or sensitive tissues; concentrations and contact times matter for effectiveness and safety. Regulatory guidance and manufacturer instructions should be followed to ensure appropriate use in medical and household settings.