Antimissile

An antimissile refers to a system designed to detect, track, intercept, and destroy incoming missiles before they reach a protected target. Antimissile capabilities are a key component of broader missile defense architectures that aim to reduce the damage from ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, or other air threats.

Antimissile systems are typically composed of sensors, a command and control network, and interceptors designed to neutralize an inbound threat. Interceptors may use kinetic kill methods, destroying a target through impact (hit-to-kill), or carry explosive payloads. Guidance and fire-control rely on radar, infrared sensors, satellite data, and robust communications to detect launches, track trajectories, and coordinate interception.

Missile threats and defense strategies differ by phase of flight. Some systems focus on the boost or midcourse phases, while others provide terminal defense during reentry. Layered defense often combines several systems to address different ranges and speeds. Notable examples include the Patriot missile system with PAC-3 missiles, the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD), and the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense program using SM-3 interceptors on ships and land platforms. Short-range defenses such as Iron Dome and David’s Sling provide protection against nearby threats, while arrows and other national programs address regional needs.

Historically, anti-missile development rose during the Cold War, with arms-control limits like the ABM Treaty of 1972 influencing deployments. The United States and various allies maintain active systems today, while treaty provisions have changed or expired. The role of antimissile defense remains debated: it can deter attacks and protect vital interests, but is not fail-safe, can be costly, and may affect strategic stability or trigger countermeasures and an arms race.