Antimikroobne
Antimikroobne, or antimicrobial agents, are substances that kill or inhibit microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. They are used in medicine, agriculture, industry, and consumer products. The field spans antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, antiparasitics, as well as antiseptics and disinfectants for skin, wounds, and surfaces. Agents may be natural, synthetic, or semisynthetic, selected by pathogen, infection site, and patient factors.
Mechanisms vary. Antibiotics disrupt cell wall or protein synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, or metabolic pathways. Antivirals
Applications and challenges: Clinically, they treat infections and prevent spread. In agriculture and industry, they protect
Safety and regulation: Antimicrobial agents can cause adverse reactions and interact with other medicines. Regulatory agencies