Antikörperbindung

Antikörperbindung refers to the specific interaction between an antibody and its corresponding antigen. Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign substances like bacteria, viruses, and toxins. Antigens are molecules found on the surface of these foreign substances, or they can be soluble molecules released by them.

The binding occurs at a specific region on the antibody called the antigen-binding site, located at the tips of the Y-arms. This site has a unique three-dimensional structure that is complementary to the structure of the antigen, much like a lock and key. This complementarity ensures high specificity, meaning an antibody will typically bind to only one or a very limited number of antigens.

This binding event is crucial for various immune responses. It can directly neutralize the antigen, preventing it from causing harm. It can also flag the antigen for destruction by other immune cells, such as phagocytes, which recognize the antibody-antigen complex. Furthermore, antibody binding can activate the complement system, a cascade of proteins that aids in eliminating pathogens. The study of antikörperbindung is fundamental to understanding immunology and has led to the development of diagnostic tests and therapeutic strategies, including antibody-based drugs.