AntifactorH

AntifactorH is a term used to describe antibodies that target Factor H. Factor H is a key regulator of the alternative complement pathway, a crucial part of the innate immune system. This pathway helps the body defend against pathogens but must be carefully controlled to prevent damage to host tissues. Factor H acts as a brake on this system, preventing excessive complement activation.

The development of antifactorH antibodies can lead to dysregulation of the complement system. When antibodies bind to and inhibit Factor H, its protective function is diminished. This can result in uncontrolled complement activation, leading to inflammation and tissue damage.

A significant clinical condition associated with antifactorH antibodies is atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). In aHUS, the uncontrolled complement activation driven by antifactorH antibodies primarily affects the small blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. Other rare conditions may also be linked to antifactorH antibodies.

Diagnosis typically involves detecting the presence of these autoantibodies in a patient's blood. Management strategies for conditions associated with antifactorH antibodies often focus on blocking the complement cascade, particularly using inhibitors of the terminal complement pathway. Research into the precise mechanisms and targeted therapies for antifactorH-mediated diseases is ongoing.