Antennenkopplung

Antennenkopplung refers to the process of connecting an antenna to a transmission line or directly to a radio frequency circuit. The goal of proper antenna coupling is to ensure maximum power transfer from the source to the antenna or from the antenna to the receiver. This is achieved by matching the impedance of the antenna to the impedance of the transmission line and the source/load.

Impedance mismatch causes signal reflections, leading to power loss and potentially damaging the transmitter. Antennas have a characteristic impedance, often 50 ohms or 75 ohms for common applications. Transmission lines also have a characteristic impedance. When these impedances are equal, there is a perfect match, and all power is transferred.

Various coupling techniques are employed to achieve this impedance match. Common methods include using a matching network, which can consist of discrete components like inductors and capacitors, or specialized broadband matching transformers. Another approach is using a feed line that inherently matches the antenna's impedance. The type of antenna, its operating frequency, and the characteristics of the connected system all influence the choice of coupling method.

Effective antenna coupling is crucial for the performance of wireless communication systems, radio astronomy, and any application involving the transmission or reception of radio waves. It directly impacts signal strength, range, and the overall efficiency of the system.