Antananarivo

Antananarivo, commonly called Tananarive in French, is the capital and largest city of Madagascar. It is located in the central highlands near the Analamanga plateau, at approximately 1,280 meters above sea level. The name means "City of the Thousand" in Malagasy.

Founded in the 17th century by the Merina kingdom ruler Andrianjaka, Antananarivo became the capital and political center of the Merina Kingdom and later the colonial administration of Madagascar. It remained the capital after independence in 1960.

The city sits on hills in the central highlands and has a subtropical highland climate with mild temperatures; the wet season is from November to April, with average highs around 20–25°C and cooler nights.

Economy and infrastructure: As Madagascar's political and economic hub, the city hosts government institutions, universities such as the University of Antananarivo, major banks, and markets like Analakely. Ivato International Airport lies about 15–20 km north and links the country to regional and international destinations. The city relies on roads and minibuses (taxi-be) for transport; rail connections are limited.

Landmarks and culture: The Rova of Antananarivo, a royal palace complex on Analamanga hill, is a major historic site. Other notable sites include the Andafiavaratra Palace, Ambohitsorohitra Palace, and the Analakely Market. The city is home to museums, theaters, and the University of Madagascar.

Demographics and urban life: Antananarivo is Madagascar's most populous city, with a metropolitan area that houses several million people. Urban planning, housing, and service delivery pose challenges alongside rapid growth.