AngloRussian

Anglo-Russian refers to relations or interactions between Britain (historically England and the United Kingdom) and Russia. The term is used in diplomatic, historical, and cultural contexts to describe political alliances, strategic rivalries, and exchanges between the two powers, as well as to denote people or communities with mixed British and Russian heritage.

Historical overview

Contacts between England and Russia date to the medieval and early modern periods, with intensified political and commercial ties from the 17th century onward. In the 19th century, the two empires became principal players in a fluid balance of power in Eurasia, culminating in the Great Game, a strategic rivalry over Central Asia and Persian influence. The Anglo-Russian Entente of 1907 eased direct confrontation by outlining spheres of influence in Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet, and set the stage for limited cooperation in regional issues.

20th century to present

During World War I, Britain and Russia were Allied powers against the Central Powers, despite longstanding mistrust. The Russian Revolution of 1917 and subsequent Soviet policy created a complex relationship, with periods of limited engagement during the interwar era. Allied cooperation resumed during World War II, though the ensuing Cold War hardened ideological and strategic tensions between the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union. The post-Soviet era brought a new phase of dialogue and friction, encompassing sanctions, diplomacy, energy security, and security concerns. Following Russia’s 2014 annexation of Crimea and the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, Anglo-Russian relations deteriorated sharply, resulting in sanctions, expulsion of diplomats, and intensified political and military coordination among Western allies.

Overview

Today, Anglo-Russian relations are characterized by cautious diplomacy, disputes over security and governance, and ongoing efforts at dialogue in areas such as arms control, counterterrorism, and regional stability, alongside persistent competition in intelligence, security, and energy sectors.