Andningscentrum

Andningscentrum is a collective term referring to the neural control centers in the brainstem responsible for regulating breathing. These centers are located within the medulla oblongata and pons. The primary function of the andningscentrum is to establish and maintain a rhythmic pattern of respiration, ensuring the body receives an adequate supply of oxygen and efficiently removes carbon dioxide.

The andningscentrum is composed of several groups of neurons. The dorsal respiratory group (DRG) is primarily responsible for inspiratory activity, sending signals that stimulate the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles to contract, leading to inhalation. The ventral respiratory group (VRG) plays a role in both inspiration and expiration, particularly during forceful breathing. The pontine respiratory centers, located in the pons, modulate the activity of the medullary centers, fine-tuning the rate and depth of breathing.

These respiratory centers receive input from various sources, including chemoreceptors that monitor blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, stretch receptors in the lungs, and higher brain centers that can voluntarily control breathing. The complex interplay of these signals allows the andningscentrum to adjust breathing patterns in response to changing physiological demands, such as during exercise or sleep. Damage to the andningscentrum, often caused by stroke or trauma, can lead to severe respiratory dysfunction or failure.