Andmebaaside

andmebaaside, Estonian for databases, are organized collections of data stored and managed electronically. They support storage, retrieval, update, and analysis across applications. A database is usually operated by a database management system (DBMS), which defines data structures, enforces integrity, and controls access.

Database types vary by model and storage. Relational databases use structured tables and schemas with SQL. NoSQL databases cover document, key-value, column-family, and graph models, offering flexibility and scalability. Some systems emphasize in-memory speed or distributed operation, often trading strict ACID for BASE consistency.

Core architecture includes data models, storage engines, indexing, transactions, and replication. A DBMS manages concurrency, recovery, and security, while clients access data via query languages or APIs. Data is organized to support query performance, integrity, and scalable access.

Common use cases include transactional processing, reporting, content management, and analytics. Prominent systems are Oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQL Server for relational workloads; MongoDB, Couchbase, Cassandra for NoSQL; Redis for in-memory caching; Neo4j for graph data.

Governance and security are central to andmebaaside practice. Key concerns include access control, encryption, auditing, backup and recovery, and data lifecycle management. Compliance with privacy regulations, such as GDPR, guides data handling across sectors.