Andijon

Andijon is a city and the administrative center of Andijan Region in eastern Uzbekistan. It lies in the Fergana Valley along the Syr Darya river and functions as a regional transport and economic hub, with connections by road, rail, and river.

The city has long served as a market and regional center in Central Asia, with settlements dating to ancient times. In the 18th and 19th centuries it was part of the Kokand Khanate, and after the Russian conquest it developed further as an industrial and agricultural center within the Russian Empire and later the Uzbek SSR.

Since Uzbekistan's independence in 1991, Andijon has continued to expand as a local center of industry and commerce.

The economy is based on agriculture—particularly cotton, fruits, and grain—and on light manufacturing such as textiles and food processing. The city hosts markets, small and medium enterprises, and serves as a distribution point for the surrounding agricultural area.

It is also home to educational and cultural institutions, including universities and colleges, museums, and religious sites.

Andijon is historically notable for its role in the broader history of the Fergana Valley and for a mass protest and government crackdown in May 2005, which drew international attention and had lasting political effects in Uzbekistan.

The climate is continental, with hot summers and cold winters, typical of the Fergana Valley.